Similarly, a large study of over 11,000 Norwegian adolescents in school aged 15 to 16 years found that only 34% of those with high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms had sought professional help in the previous year. For example, a school-based study of 12 to 17 year old German adolescents reported that only 18.2% of those with diagnosable anxiety disorders, and 23% of those with depressive disorders had ever used mental health services. Studies have found that approximately 18 to 34% of young people with high levels of depression or anxiety symptoms seek professional help. This high susceptibility in adolescents and young adults to developing a mental disorder is coupled with a strong reluctance to seek professional help. They are also common in childhood and adolescence with 14% of those aged between 4 and 17 years affected. Prevalence of mental disorders is greatest among younger people aged 16-24 years than at any other stage of the lifespan. The burden and prevalence of mental disordersÄepression and anxiety are highly prevalent mental disorders with estimates indicating they affect up to almost one fifth of the population in high income countries worldwide. Strategies for improving help-seeking by adolescents and young adults should focus on improving mental health literacy, reducing stigma, and taking into account the desire of young people for self-reliance. However, there was evidence that young people perceived positive past experiences, and social support and encouragement from others as aids to the help-seeking process. Facilitators were comparatively under-researched. Young people perceived stigma and embarrassment, problems recognising symptoms (poor mental health literacy), and a preference for self-reliance as the most important barriers to help-seeking. Resultsįifteen qualitative and seven quantitative studies were identified. A thematic analysis was undertaken on the results reported in the qualitative literature and quantitative literature. Twenty two published studies of perceived barriers or facilitators in adolescents or young adults were identified through searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane database. It extends previous reviews through its systematic research methodology and by the inclusion of published studies describing what young people themselves perceive are the barriers and facilitators to help-seeking for common mental health problems. This systematic review aims to summarise reported barriers and facilitators of help-seeking in young people using both qualitative research from surveys, focus groups, and interviews and quantitative data from published surveys. Adolescents and young adults frequently experience mental disorders, yet tend not to seek help.
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